Canadian Industrialized provinces which also includes a description of the most impactful industries in each region. Industries are profiled based on their relative importance in each province, which is measured by the size of their workforce as a share of each province’s total manufacturing workforce. Manufacturing trends vary significantly by region. Moreover, each industry faces a different set of distinct opportunities and challenges specific to its location.
Alberta
Related to its
extractive industries, a significant portion of Alberta’s manufacturing
workforce comes from the Structural Metal Product Manufacturing industry.
Structural metal products include fabricated bar joists and reinforcing bars,
metal plate work products, prefabricated metal buildings and other fabricated
structural metal. In Alberta, structural metal products are used to construct
oil and gas well platforms, pipelines and transmitting towers. This industry
also benefits from Alberta’s relatively close proximity to the western part of
the United States and British Columbia’s coast, which allows manufacturers to
export products overseas to China. Finally, Alberta is also the Meat, Beef and
Poultry Processing industry’s third-largest hub, as well as the largest centre
for beef cattle production in Canada.
Alberta’s
manufacturing sector is defined by the province’s natural resources. Since the
early 1940s, Alberta has supplied oil and gas to the rest of Canada and the
United States. The Athabasca River region, home to the Athabasca Oil Sands, is
the natural resource hub of the nation. Its proven oil reserves are the
third-largest in the world, behind Saudi Arabia and Venezuela. Therefore, the
Edmonton area, particularly Nisku Industrial Park, is a major centre for the
Mining, Oil and Gas Machinery Manufacturing industry. For example, Halliburton,
one of the world’s largest oil field services companies, operates a
manufacturing plant for its drilling and evaluation segment in Nisku. Alberta
as a whole is home to 63.7% of the industry’s manufacturing facilities. The
extractive industries, as well as related manufacturing industries’, future
will depend on ongoing fluctuations in the price of oil, which has dropped
dramatically in recent months, as well as the future of the Keystone XL
pipeline.
British Columbia
British Columbia
is also a popular location for downstream wood products manufacturers,
including operators in the Wood Paneling Manufacturing industry, which procures
a variety of veneer, plywood, engineered wood and reconstituted wood products.
Operators in this industry primarily use softwood lumber, of which British
Columbia is the largest exporter in the world. Manufacturing employment in the
resources sector has declined in recent years due to the recession, as well as
a pine beetle infestation that has devastated forests across the province.
Nevertheless, resurgent demand for lumber products from China has helped
industry revenue recover, though it remains well below its pre-recessionary
high.
As with Alberta,
British Columbia’s manufacturing sector is centered on its resource-based
economy. However, while Alberta is rich in fossil fuels, British Columbia is
the epicenter of lumber production and logging in Canada. According to
Historica Canada, British Columbia holds about 24.0% of Canada’s merchantable
wood and 19.5% of its forested land. Thus, the province is ideal for the
Sawmills and Wood Production industry, whose operators prefer to station close
to British Columbia’s large supply of lumber. This industry, which produces a
variety of lumber products, also benefits from British Columbia’s close
proximity to the United States, where over 43.5% of its exports are destined,
and its ports, which give companies access to markets around the world.
Manitoba
With large areas
of natural grasslands, Manitoba’s plains are also home to many of Canada’s hog,
pig and livestock producers. Operators in the Meat, Beef and Poultry Processing
industry prefer to locate close to the source of their inputs to cut down on high
transportation costs. They will also seek out major metropolitan areas for this
same reason, bringing them closer to consumers. Winnipeg, Canada’s
eighth-largest province provides an ideal market for meat producers looking to
settle near a major demand hub.
Manitoba’s economy
relies heavily on a number of sectors, including tourism, energy, oil, mining
and forestry. However, the manufacturing sector draws a significant portion of
its material inputs from the agriculture sector. In particular, the agri-food
sector accounts for the largest portion of the province’s economy.
Southern Manitoba has climate and soil conditions ideal for growing a wide
range of crops, including wheat and barley, which have traditionally dominated
production since farming began within the province. Grain and oilseed farms
account for 25.8% of all farms in the province, while wheat farms account for
9.8%; these farming operations consistently demand industry products. Field
crop farmers use agricultural machinery intensely for cultivation, seeding,
harvesting and baling, making Manitoba a good fit for the Tractors and
Agricultural Machinery Manufacturing industry.
New Brunswick
As one of Canada’s
three Maritime Provinces, New Brunswick relies heavily on fisheries and seafood
production. New Brunswick has both freshwater and sea fisheries, with the
latter generating the bulk of industry revenue. Lobster is the primary catch,
but the industry also provides shrimp, herring and queen crab. In 2014, research
estimates that revenue for the Seafood Preparation industry is expected to
total $4.9 billion. New Brunswick is expected to make up 11.4% of the
industry’s establishments. Over the past five years, the industry has benefited
from higher disposable income levels and health trends that favour lean protein
found in seafood.
According to the
latest official documents from the New Brunswick government, the manufacturing
sector accounts for about one-tenth of the province’s GDP, with an estimated
labour force of about 32,000 people. Though small, the province’s manufacturing
base is fairly diverse. Manufacturing in New Brunswick is largely based on fish
production, forestry and food processing. These industries are relatively
dispersed throughout the province, with some concentration around the port
facilities found in Saint John, a coastal city.
Newfoundland and
Labrador
While cod is
considered to be the staple food item most associated with Newfoundland and
Labrador, the province also has various other food related manufacturing
operations, including a Canada Bread Company Ltd. Plant located in the
province’s capital, St. John’s. Lastly, wood paneling comprises the next most
significant share of manufacturing employment within the province thanks to
popular tree types used for paneling within the region, such as the
Newfoundland Black Spruce, which is popular for its durability. Newfoundland
and Labrador is primarily recognized for its contributions to the Seafood
Preparation industry. With ideal coastal topography and a diverse coastal
environment, Newfoundland is well known for its cod, winter flounder, lumpfish,
lobster and various species of crab, making it an ideal environment for the
Seafood Preparation industry to flourish. This industry accounts for a large
portion of Newfoundland’s manufacturing sector, with nearly 60.0% of total
manufacturing employment within the province. Newfoundland houses some of the
largest seafood preparation companies in the country, such as Barry Group Inc.
and Breakwater Fisheries Ltd., and is also home to a large number of
owner-operators. Additionally, the province consistently ranks among the top
three provinces in terms of total value of seafood preparation.
Nova Scotia
The defense sector
is vibrant in Nova Scotia. The province is home to 40.0% of the country’s
military assets and houses some of the world’s leading defense and security
operators, including Lockheed Martin, Pratt & Whitney and General Dynamics.
Therefore, among Nova Scotia’s more prominent manufacturing industries are
those related to defense and military operations, such as the Space Vehicle and
Missile Manufacturing, which is valued at over $1.1 billion.Nova Scotia is
Canada’s second-smallest province, and also a member of its three Maritime
Provinces, the other two being New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island. Situated
east of its fellow Maritime Provinces, Nova Scotia’s geographic position
enables strategic access to both American and European markets.
Manufacturing does
not have a significant presence in Nova Scotia, although the province’s healthy
fisheries, forestry and defense sectors spur a number of downstream and
upstream manufacturing industries. For example, Nova Scotia’s plastics and
rubber production industries, valued at almost $133.0 million combined in
October 2014, together grew 10.1% over 2014, according to the latest data from
Industry Canada. Nova Scotia’s manufacturing labour force is expected to total
about 33,000.
Ontario
Similarly, the
Plastic Product Miscellaneous Manufacturing industry, which manufactures a
variety of products across a range of segments, is also heavily reliant on
trade, as exports generally account for one-third of industry revenue, with
90.0% destined for the United States. Additionally, the industry relies on
several key industries to purchase its products. For example, automotive
manufacturers, which use plastic in vehicle interiors and some engine
components, account for a substantial share of revenue. As a result, proximity
to key markets is crucial for operators in this industry. Ontario is
estimated to be the most concentrated province for plastic manufacturers in
terms of establishments, further amplifying the industry’s share of
manufacturing employment. Lastly, Ontario is home to just under half of all of
the Printing industries establishments; the industry accounts for 3.4% of
manufacturing employment.
Ontario hosts a
wide range of industry activity through several diverse segments. Industries
located within the province benefit from its enviable trading ports, as well as
the Detroit-Windsor tunnel, an underground highway that connects Detroit, MI to
Windsor, Ontario, providing easy access to the US market. As a result,
Ontario’s three-largest manufacturing industries all rely immensely on trade,
particularly in regards to exports to the United States. Of these, the Car and
Automobile Manufacturing industry comprises the largest share of manufacturing
employment. Ontario alone accounts for 59.3% of industry establishments, as
this province is home to the headquarters of all of the Big Three US automakers
(Ford, Chrysler and General Motors). It is also home to the only Toyota plant
outside of Japan that assembles Lexus vehicles, as well as the location of
Honda Canada’s manufacturing plant. Exports traditionally dominate the lion’s
share of industry revenue, which is a primary reason for its heavy presence in
Ontario.
Quebec
Quebec has played
a historic role in Canada’s aerospace market, beginning with the aviation
market, which emerged there in the early 1900s. it is expected of Quebec to claim 23.7% of industry
establishments in Aircraft, Engine and Parts Manufacturing and about 20.0% of industry establishments in
Space Vehicle and Missile Manufacturing. Quebec provides attractive tax
incentives to these manufacturers, while boasting institutional support from a
number of academic and technical organizations and industry associations.
Aerospace manufacturers that base their operations in Quebec include
Bombardier, the largest aerospace company in Canada, Pratt & Whitney Canada
and Bell Helicopter Textron Canada.
Boasting as
Canada’s largest province by area and second-largest administrative division,
Quebec is an economic powerhouse. Quebec’s manufacturing sector alone accounts
for about a quarter of the country’s output and is valued at over $137.0
billion. Among the province’s main production industries are primary metal
manufacturing, transportation equipment manufacturing and chemicals.
Nevertheless, Quebec’s manufacturing sector has declined, as manufacturing
continues to move overseas and US competitiveness recovers. In fact, between
1990 and 2013, the province’s employment declined by about 18.0%. Quebec’s
manufacturing sector employs over 407,000 people, according to the latest data
from Industry Canada.
Saskatchewan
The manufacturing sector in Saskatchewan is characterized by its strong
contributions in farming and raising cattle. About one-third of the province is
farmland, with 41.0% of Canada’s arable land located within this area. Popular
crops produced in Saskatchewan include rye, oats, wheat and barley. As a result
of its emphasis on farming, the Tractors and Agricultural Machinery
Manufacturing industry accounts for a large share of total manufacturing
employment within the province. In total, Saskatchewan’s production of farming
equipment accounts for nearly one-third of total industry revenue. Major
contributors to the province’s influence within the industry includes Deere and
Company, a large manufacturer of agricultural, construction and forestry
machinery, which runs one of its parts distribution centres out of
Saskatchewan.
Due to the
province’s arable land and vast southern prairies, the Meat, Beef and Poultry
Processing industry also accounts for a notable amount of manufacturing
employment. A large amount of cattle are typically raised on farms within this
province; therefore, they are particularly prevalent among farming areas in
southern Canada, where there is also a large amount of open land for cattle to
roam. Lastly, the Truck, Trailer and Home Manufacturing industry also accounts for a substantial contribution
to the province’s manufacturing base, partly to supply farmers with the trucks
and trailers they require for harvesting and food transport.
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